The Fall of the House of Usher :: essays research papers

In "The Fall of the House of Usher", Poe uses the life-like characteristics of the decaying house of Usher as a device for giving the house a supernatural atmosphere. This not only makes the story act upon the reader in a grabbing way, but it also creates an impression of fear, mystery and horror, typical for Poes literary works.For example, from the very solution of the story, the reader can tell that there is something unusual and bizarre about the old house. As the narrator approaches the home of his long-time friend, Roderick Usher, he refers to the house as the "black bile House of Usher". This description in the beginning of the story prepares the reader for the mysterious events that will follow. Upon looking at the expression, he even feels some maven of intolerable darkness which pervades his heart. The windows appear to be "vacant and "eye-like as if watching at the narrator and wandering through his mind. With an insecure feeling he goes to sav e the "rank sedges," and the "black and lurid tarn," in which he sees the reflection of the house. He later says, "when I again uplifted my eyes to the house itself, from its image in the pool, there grew a strange fancy...". Although, the narrator tries to view everything he sees in a rational manner, upon seeing the house and its surroundings, he has an elevated sense of dread. He goes on to say that, "about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity". This statement indicates that perhaps the house does and then have some thrilling and spiritual nature. The narrator observes the details of the house once more and finds that the house has mold growing all over it and the masonry of the building is decaying. He says, that " there appeared to be a wild inconsistency between its still perfect adaptation of parts, and the utterly porous, and evidently decayed condition of the individua l stones". This observation suggests that perhaps something eerie is holding the house whole, otherwise it would have fallen to the ground long ago. With this description, the house is also represented as a witness of many fates and a long period of history. It is as a mute observer of the time, knowing more, than anybody who lives in there.Later on, when the narrator enters the house, he sees its intimate as well as the odd behavior and personality of its inhabitants and is increasingly convinced that the house has some strange impact on the people nutrition in it.

Beats as a counterculture Essay -- essays research papers

The Beats As A CountercultureMany of the Beat writers wrote in a style known as spontaneous prose. Allen Ginsberg often writes in this style. He does so in the poem Howl in which he rants and raves about confederation via his friends Jack Kerouac, Willaim S. Burroughs, Lawrence Ferlingetti, and Neil Cassidy to name a few, live. He discusses their impoverishment, civil disobedience, the ways that they fight society, and his personal fight against industrialization he uses many images in separate to put up the commentator to understand his lifestyle, the lifestyle of his friends and points of view, specifically their do away withion of society. Ginsberg depicts the deprived environment in which he chooses to live in done imagery. For instance the verbalizer proclaims Dragging themselves through the Negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix.(Ginsberg 62) This is a scene depicting an average morning after a night of partying. His friends are arduous to make their way back to reality. They search the streets where they have been in Jazz clubs for more drugs so they do not have to suffering Eastern sweats and Tangerian uprise grindings and migraines of China under junk-withdrawal(Ginsberg 63) Ginsberg is telling of his friends addiction and fear of withdrawal. The speaker states Yakketyyakking screaming vomiting whispering facts and memories and anecdotes and eyeball kicks and shocks of hospitals and jails and wars (Ginsberg 63) In this passage the speaker of Howl depicts an insane asylum because his mother, himself and many of his friends specifically Carl Solomon, who the poem is dedicated to, had been admitted or admitted themselves into hospitals. The Beats were all connected to the reality of poverty. Ginsberg states Who poverty and tatters and hollow-eyed and gamey sat up smoking in the supernatural darkness of cold-water flats floating across the tops of cities contemplating jazz.(Ginsberg 62) The obvious image of poverty is when he clearly st ates poverty but along with this image Ginsberg says cold-water flats, meaning that there was not enough money to have hot water. Another image of poverty is who plunged themselves under bone marrow trucks looking for an egg. They were so desperate for food that they jumped under trucks in search of a single egg. The Beats chose this poverty stricken lifestyle in order to further rej... ...e of a world that no one wants to come. He is using his own version of propaganda to persuade the reader not to support industrialization..Ginsberg reinforces the second component with the first and third sections. He prepares the reader for a dramatic change from the first to the second section by showing the reader that he is anti-society. By showing that he and his friends are anti-society it is a logical step to say that he is against what society is planning and creating. They are planning and moving toward industrialization. Ginsberg is against industrialization partly for the reason tha t it is the societal norm to support it. Howl is a poem in which Allen Ginsberg complains about his life and about society. The speaker of the poem describes that he/she and his/her friends reject society and therefore are prone to act in a manner counter to common culture. He explains his points using amazing imagery that allows the reader to see exactly what he/she is writing about. In section two Ginsberg states his complains about industrialization, which was beginning at the time. These ideas are reinforced throughout the poem. I leave behind forever enjoy these rantings and ravings.

Engineering and National Defense :: essays papers

Engineering and National Defense Francis Dietz, a Government Relations worker for the American familiarity of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in Washington, D.C., is calling upon engineers to help our policy makers in making decisions concerning defense research and design. In testimony to Congress given by the part of Defense Task Force of ASMEs Inter-Council Committee on Federal R & D, an increasing number of peacekeeping deployments to various parts of the globe, combined with relatively stagnant budgets, have combined to put a severe strain on the ability of the Department of Defense to entrancely plan for its future technology needs (Dietz 34). To further explain this claim of consequence, The group goes on to say, the basic research of today largely determines the technological advancements of a decade or more from now. (Dietz 34). This denomination states the importance of funding for national defense. It hopes to inform the reader about how the budget cuts in basic research have left the country vulnerable. In purchase order to defend against the terce major national security threats of nuclear proliferation, weapons of mass destruction, and breeches of information technology infrastructure, Congress will need to supply appropriate funds in science and technology (Dietz 34). In writing this article, the author hopes to gather enough support to lobby for more funds. The argument contains all three parts of the logic triangle. Logos is used when he states that a decrease in funding for R & D has made it harder to attract and retain smart engineers. Dietz also uses logos when he quotes Harry Armen saying, If you dont design and build new systems, then someday when you need something new, therell be nobody there who knows how to do it. (34). Ethos is open up in the people and committees he gathers much of the information in the article. He uses groups like by the Department of Defense Task Force of ASMEs Inter-Council Committee on Federal R & D and people like Rep. Julian Dixon as authorities to substantiate his claim. Pathos is used in the form of fear when the consequences of ugly funding are realized. The article implies the US is leaving itself open to conventional, nuclear, and cyber attacks.The article was exactly right in my opinion.

What Kind of Parent Are You (Going to Be) :: essays research papers fc

Raising children is a job all of its own. Eric comes home from a hard days work at the office and there is a message on his answering machine saying that little truncheon had been suspended from school today for getting into a fistfight. Eric is upset and sent Billy to his room and tells him that he is grounded for a week. Eric didnt pauperization to come home to this chaos he was exhausted from working. He just wanted to relax. After Eric cools off, he tells Billy that he better not do it again and that he could be ungrounded if he cleans up his room. What kind of p atomic number 18nting did Eric just exercise? He fundamentally didnt punish Billy at all. What would have your dad done if you beat some kid up at school and got suspended? wholly parents react in different ways to things that their children do. Dr. Diana Baumrind, a leading parenting sociologist, has classified the way that parents raise their children into four different parenting styles authoritarian, authoritative , permissive and uninvolved (Darling 2). Authoritarian parents want control over their childrens lives both physically and psychologically. Authoritative parents physically control their children, but dont need to brainwash them to do it. permissive parents allow their children to make their own choices by allowing them to do what they wish. Uninvolved parents dont care about their children and usually neglect them. Only a trivial percentage of people are authoritarian or uninvolved parents. The authoritative and permissive parenting styles are the most widely used ones today (Darling 3). Authoritative parents are both demanding and responsive to their childrens actions. They monitor and set clear standards on how a child is to act and what will happen if they deviate from this. In the grammatical case about little Billy getting suspended from school, an authoritative parent would have grounded him and perhaps put him in time-out. He would stick to Billys punishment and make him t hink about what he did. In contrast, permissive parents are more responsive than they are demanding of their childrens actions. They are nontraditional and cushy towards them. They try to avoid confrontation with their children by allowing them to be free minded and do whatever they wish. The attitude of this type of parenting is not a very acute one to have. Permissive parents find that their children get into arguments with teachers, tell someone no when they are told to do something, and yell and argue when they dont get what they want.

Writing Is Hard :: Writing an Essay

For me, writing is frustrating. Many times I bring forth trouble writing about anything. The main reason why I have so much trouble when writing, is because I dont concentrate on my work enough. Even when I try my hardest to concentrate, my mind seems to wonder close to to a different direction towards another thought. After that, I forget all about my work and just think about various things such as people, places, and different times Ive had in the past. For example, even while Im writing this small paragraph, my mind keeps on slipping into other thoughts. I dont know if this happens to dissever of people, but this is one problem that I have trouble the most in. Maybe this is why Im a slow bring throughr and dont like to write.When I write, Im ordinarily in my house sitting right where my computer is. One thing about me is that I hate writing anything with a pen and a paper. or so of the time when writing an essay, report, or anything else, I type it on my computer. I can probably type 50 times faster than writing by hand. I guess its just something that Im better at. I can type about 80-85 words per minute. If that isnt fast, then I dont know what is. When writing, I can write when its quiet, loud, during the day, during the night, and during whatever zephyr Im in. Even if the whole house is quiet, I usually listen to music while typing an essay. However, the best time and the best atmosphere for me to write anything would be during late at night when everything seems pretty quiet around me. Another important thing to me when writing, is that I can not have any distractions near me or around me. Even the internet on my computer has to be disabled or else I would betempted to surf online. report is like expressing my feelings onto paper. I can write songs, poems, quotes, stories, letters, and just almost anything that you could think of. You can learn a great deal about a person by the way they write or just by the way they expres s certain words on paper. Writing can also be a part of your life.

Writing Is Hard :: Writing an Essay

For me, theme is frustrating. Many times I have trouble writing about anything. The main ground why I have so much trouble when writing, is because I dont concentrate on my work enough. Even when I try my hardest to concentrate, my mind seems to delight in around to a different direction towards another thought. After that, I forget all about my work and just think about motley things such as people, places, and different times Ive had in the past. For example, even while Im writing this small paragraph, my mind keeps on slipping into other thoughts. I dont bop if this happens to lots of people, but this is one problem that I have trouble the most in. Maybe this is why Im a slow writer and dont like to write.When I write, Im usually in my house sitting right where my computer is. One thing about me is that I hate writing anything with a pen and a paper. Most of the time when writing an essay, report, or anything else, I type it on my computer. I enkindle probably type 5 0 times faster than writing by hand. I guess its just something that Im better at. I can type about 80-85 words per minute. If that isnt fast, then I dont know what is. When writing, I can write when its quiet, loud, during the day, during the night, and during whatever atmosphere Im in. Even if the whole house is quiet, I usually listen to music while typing an essay. However, the best time and the best atmosphere for me to write anything would be during late at night when everything seems pretty quiet around me. Another important thing to me when writing, is that I can not have any distractions near me or around me. Even the internet on my computer has to be disabled or else I would betempted to browse online.Writing is like expressing my feelings onto paper. I can write songs, poems, quotes, stories, letters, and just almost anything that you could think of. You can learn a great deal about a person by the way they write or just by the way they express certain words o n paper. Writing can in like manner be a part of your life.

Negotiation is a broad and general term

duologue is a broad and general term that may be delimitate in several ways. Not most of us argon aware that negotiation happens in almost ein truth aspect of our lives. In fact, San Diego State University sponsored a seminar about negotiation and conducted a survey among the participants about the frequency or rate of recurrence of negotiation in general in their lives. Sixty quatern percent of the respondents answered always (Stark, 2008). That must mean that in most aspects of our lives, we do negotiations.To fully understand, negotiation, it is signifi digestt to go over several definitions that may narrow stack the long list of definitive terms use to define the word. Gerard I. Neirenberg wrote the book The Art of Negotiating and the president of Negotiations Institute, Inc. in New York. According to him, negotiation as the deputize of ideas in an attempt to alter the status of a relationship and deliberate to make an agreement. (Stark, 2008)The iron ore price negotiations are an example of a negotiation. An article released on the 2nd of March this year tackles this issue. It is soon to be settled with the heightened demand for pellets from the Companhia Vale do Rico Doce (Vale), therefore negotiations for the prices of the these items is well underway. The CEO of Vale, Mr. Roger Agnelli, bowd that negotiation are being conducted with their consumers to control fairness in their transactions. Apparently, Agnelli said that Vale wants to assure their clients that they allow not be overcharged, and at the same time guarantee that their clients will not be paying a lesser amount either. (Steel Guru, 2008a)An separate article released on the 3rd of March this year reveals a negotiation overtaking on between Vale and Arcelor Mittal. The article is also about the price of iron ores. Vale is active in the mining and metal industry in Brazil. Arcelor Mittal, on the other hand, is have-to doe with in the steel business. Apparently, Arcelor Mittal is the m ajor client of Vale. Both companies are negotiating to close a deal involving the price of iron ores that will be purchased from Vale. The negotiation is similar to Vales negotiations with other companies all over the world. (Steel Guru, 2008b)In this scenario, Vale is involved in major negotiations with several companies mostly involved in the steel business. Since the demands for pellets and iron ores have reached its summit, there is a need to negotiate the prices of these commodities. This is to ensure that the buying capacity of clients will be able to revivify the production of pellets and iron ores by Vale. The negotiations would then be a vehicle for companies and Vale to agree on a price that would be advantageous for all.The primary(prenominal) point of the negotiation process is exemplified in a statement by Agnelli, the CEO of Vale, wherein he states that they want to make sure they will not be charging too much for their products and at the same time, their clients wi ll not be paying reduced amounts for the actual appeal of pellets and iron ores (Steel Guru, 2008a) Perhaps this is a very good example of a well-mannered negotiation because both parties are making sure to agree at a certain point that would be mutually fair. Conceivably, this is the primary concept of negotiation.At this point, it would be significant to discuss the elements of negotiation. According to Roger Fisher, negotiation has seven elements namely alternatives, interests, options, legitimacy, commitment, communication, and relationship. Having alternatives means that the factions that are holding negotiations should have back-up plans that they can follow individually just in case they fail to arrive at a consensus. Interests are the desires or the requisites of each faction.These are the conditions that are reasons for a negotiation between factions. The options easy in negotiation are the ways or modes in which two factions can compromise. There should be several option s available in a negotiation, and it is best that each of these options ensure that the results would lead to a fair and balanced position for both factions. Legitimacy is the evenhandedness of negotiations based on standards or rubrics that are advantageous to both factions.The commitment of both factions to adhere to their agreement should be talked about or materialized in a written agreement that would state how they are going to go about realizing what they have agreed on. Communication is a significant tool in negotiating because without it, both factions will not be able to understand and arrive at a consensus. During and after negotiations, the relationship between the factions should have improved to affect a harmonious and workable rapport. (Fisher, 2006)There are also negotiation strategies that ensure a fair and a balanced agreement favorable to both negotiating parties. To cite three of them, negotiation strategies include delegate people who would lead or represent a party in the negotiation process, evaluating the weaknesses and strengths of both negotiating parties, and developing a negotiation plan where priorities are class-conscious as to importance. Assigning people to represent a party in negotiation proceedings is strategic in nature because the acquisition of the verifiables of the party is low-level on their performance as a negotiating team.It is important to make sure that the negotiating team is a small group and that specific tasks in the negotiating process is designate to them. It is also strategic to evaluate the strong and weak points of each party involved in the negotiation, such as the background, the existing knowledge, bargaining skills, and importance of the agreement, and so on of and to the other party. It is important for a negotiating party to create a plan wherein their priorities or interests are ranked in recount of importance. The non-negotiable interests, issues that are open to compromise, and so forth sho uld be identified and laid out to the other negotiating party. (Federal Acquisition Insitute, 2003)All three strategies are appropriate for negotiators to use before and during the negotiation process. The inappropriateness lies in the blackball response of negotiating parties to these strategies mainly because these strategies are laid out in order to affect success in negotiations. These strategies are the foundation of successful negotiations.In marketing and other business issues, most negotiation subjects are determine and cost estimates. Pricing analysis is an act of evaluating the appropriateness of a given cost (U.S. Department of admit and Urban Development, 2008). Pricing or estimating costs should involve marketing analysis and evaluation of other factors involved in pricing, such as the demands, pricing objectives, etcetera Negotiating parties should conduct marketing analysis in order to identify the demands of the consumers.After this, the production of commodities , its distribution, and promotional strategies should be evaluated in order to arrive at the actual cost of producing the demands of the clients. All the expenses involved in the production of commodities for consumers and the standard for altering prices according to the rate of demand should be taken into account. These strategies will then be used to arrive at a price that should appropriate and fair for both negotiating parties. (Net MBA, 2007)Negotiations are significant in the realization of a goal or objective that cannot be attainable through individual efforts alone. Negotiation is there to provide for a means to attain the interests of an organization through the help of another organization. Negotiation strategies are available for each party to adhere to in order to accumulate success that is favorable for both parties. In marketing and business administration, pricing and cost estimation is very common in negotiation proceedings. Therefore, pricing strategies are also m ade available for business groups to follow in order to close deals with other negotiating process in a fair and balanced way that is desirable to all of them. Negotiating parties should be able to propel the negotiation on the way to their success.ResourcesFederal Acquisition Institute. (2003). Unit 42 Negotiation Strategies. Retrieved March 9,2008, from Federal Acquisition Institute. Websitehttp//www.fai.gov/pdfs/Unit42.pdfFisher, R. (2006). The 7 Elements of Negotiation. Retrieved March 9, 2008, fromNet MBA. (2007). Pricing Strategy. Retrieved March 9, 2008 from Internet Center forManagement and business concern Administration, Inc. Websitehttp//www.netmba.com/marketing/pricing/Stark, P. B. (2008). What is Negotiation. Retrieved March 9, 2008 from SmartBiz.Website http//www.smartbiz.com/article/articleview/618/1/5/Steel Guru. (2008b). Iron ore price negotiations Vale and Arcelor Mittal. RetrievedU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2008) Quick bespeak to Cost an dPrice Analysis for HUD Grantees and Funding Recipients. Retrieved March 9,2008 from Homes and Communities U.S. Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment. Website https//portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/cpo/grantees/cstprice

Major issues in second language classroom research Essay

Chapter one is all slightly the major issues in game run-in instruction that arose during classroom inquiry. at that place ar four general issues concerning the lastingness of the classroom instruction that was mentioned.The first issue is entitled Learning from instruction which concerns Krashens extensive analysis of the role of instruction within his framework of figure L2 acquisition, wherein he views the effects of instruction as limited, however the classroom should function to provide the learner with comprehensible target language (TL) input in an affectively confirmative climate.The sec issue is entitled teacher talk the main goal of this interrogation has been to determine what makes teacher talk an aid to culture, the initial approach of this question has been to describe the features of L2 teacher talk which distinguish it from mother tongue to L2 learners in non instructional settings.The third issue is entitled learner behavior, both the teacher and the l earners pass on been investigated not only their linguistic behavior but their learning strategies and social interactions with other learners have been the target of research. Some researchers have placed great stress on finding out whether the learners are viewed as being in control of their own learning.The last issue is entitled Interaction in the classroom , interaction is viewed as signifi potfult because it is argued that 1) only through interaction can the learner decompose the TL structures and derive meaning from classroom events, 2) interaction gives learners the opportunities to contain TL structures into their own speech. In chapter one the four major issues were introduced, because in the chapters that allow borrow, each chapter volition treat the issues just outlined in greater detail.Chapter 2 schoolroom research methods.Chapter two presents the principal studies and concepts that have elaborated the methodology for observing and analyzing classroom instructi on and interaction. Several approaches were mentioned in this chapter, majority of it is the methodological approaches. Methodological approaches to the study of L2 classrooms are extremely varied, reflecting both a great diversity of research questions and purposes, and a range of theoretical perspectives on the conduct of research. there is a continuous give-and-take mingled with the success and failures of quantitative and qualitative approaches to portray and explain precisely the processes and products of classroom interactions.These approaches have followed methods adopted by researchers in native language schooling or other sociological and sociolinguistic studies of communicative interaction. In this chapter these methods were described with regard to their capacity to extract and validate generalizations well-nigh social and linguistic processes occurring in L2 classrooms.Chapter 3 Teacher talk in second language classroomsChapter three surveys research on the linguistic a nd discourse characteristics of teacher speech to L2 learners. This chapter reviews research that has investigated second language classrooms in terms of teachers language use in the classroom, especially the characteristic features that differentiate speech to nonnative speakers from that to native speakers.It was too mentioned here the four modifications in teacher speech which are first is the modifications of speech rate, prosody, phonology, wherein the researchers that were involved , found teachers speech to second language learners to be slower, in comparison with other contexts and conditions.Second is the modifications of vocabulary, where they claim that both non teachers and teachers tend to use a more canonical set of vocabulary items in their narratives told to L2 learners. Third is the modifications of syntax, it is by far one of the most investigated and quantified characteristics of teacher talk has been teachers syntactic modifications. These can be grouped into f ive types measures of length of utterances, measures of subordination, measures of markedness, measures of grammaticality, and measures of distribution of sentence types.And the last one is the modification of discourse, which has two categories the close in moves, where the only significant difference in framing moves was that visiting teachers used more, compared with the regular teachers. The second category is the self-repetition, where on the assumption that repetitions may provide the learner with more opportunities to process information or follow the teachers model. In this review, a variety of teacher behaviors have been described and compared across different contexts.Chapter 4 Learner behavior in second language classroomsChapter four reviews research on the characteristics of learner behavior- participation and speech. They consider research on the contribution of the learner acquisition of a second language. Classroom researchers have focused on learners verbal and soc ial interactions and have inferred learning strategies from learners behavior in such interactions. There were also hypotheses in the data and tentative conclusions about relationships to learning that are described in this chapter. These hypotheses will form the basis for organizing the results of studies on learner behavior. search on learners classroom behaviors addressed several major hypotheses. In addition, a final section of this chapter examines studies of learners learning strategies, a relatively recent area of investigations in second language classroom research. As for learner strategies, there are clearly fruitful topics for further research. It is unmixed that the strategies identified to date constitute a very mixed set of phenomena, not all of which can be investigated under classroom conditions.Chapter 5 Teacher and student interaction in second language classroomsChapter five describes research on teacher-leaner interaction. In this chapter several of the factors that have been considered to influence the quality and quantity of teacher-student interaction are examined.The interaction which occurs as a result of these factors is described, and some of the likely consequences of the interaction for learners are suggested. In the view of many researchers and practitioners, conversation and instructional exchanges between teacher and students provide the best opportunities for the learners to exercise target skills, to test out their hypotheses about the target language, and to get useful feedback.The classroom research has shown that teachers may be less likely to address L2 learners when they are mixed with native speakers. It has also been revealed that teachers different questioning strategies may be either reformative for inhibiting of communication in classrooms.The greatest error teachers make may be the assumption that what occurs as correction in the classroom interaction automatically leads to learning on the part of the student. Th e nature of interaction in L2 classrooms is perhaps the most critical issue concerning formal second language learning, and although the research cited in this chapter suggests in-chief(postnominal) ways in which current instructional practice may be both effective for and detrimental to promotion of TL skills, the complete picture mud to be developed.Chapter 6 Learning outcomesChapter six draws together all of the foregoing research, as well as other studies, to determine the state of sockledge about learning outcomes resulting from teachers and learners classroom interaction. This chapter will review research on L2 classroom processes that have a potentially compulsive effects on learners perception and incorporation of the forms and functions of the target language. It should be clear that there is substance to the view that classroom instruction will aid L2 acquisition. The direction of results in the few large-scale classroom studies favors slightly a focus on form or expli cit talk about grammar.Research on outcomes of learner production and teacher-learner interaction, suggests furthermore that other factors in classroom learning may contribute greatly to acquisition. Some of these factors may stress or interact with the effects noted in this section. The research reviewed here concerning the TL learning effects of interaction in L2 classrooms is limited in its conclusions, stock-still highly suggestive for further research. But still there are many research that remained unsolved, but hope that in the future many of these will be once and for all solved.Chapter 7 Directions for research and teachingAs the last chapter it is obvious that the major findings of the research will be summarized, and that implications for further research and teaching in second language classrooms will be suggested. Despite the increase of classroom-oriented research in recent years, few can be make with great confidence because of the difficulty of synthesizing.When al l the research has been carefully analyze it has been shown that research is lacking in consistent measures of classroom processes and products. Sometimes inadequate in design to address critical research question. It is also incomplete in its quantitative or qualitative analysis, which leads to a need of greater theoretical condition of the constructs and relationships to be investigated.A discussion of these methodological issues is to be carried out before any future directions are suggested. In this chapter it was also pointed out the areas for future research on classroom reading, outline major implications for curriculum planning and L2 instruction, and lastly to suggest ways of achieving greater consistency across classroom research studies. The reason of pointing these out is because, it makes it more easier for future researchers to find answers.SummarySince the 1960s, there has been an increasing attempt in research on teaching and learning from instruction to consult t he major features of teacher and student behavior in classrooms to learning outcomes. The research in this book deals with the nature of the teacher and student behavior in truly classroom.Using this set up , researchers were able to observe and analyze what is really the nature of the teacher and the students behavior. They were able to determine what are the factors that can affect a L2 learner in acquiring language. They were focused on the learning and acquisition of the L2. In the first chapter, they discussed the major issues that arose during the research.The chapters that follows, the primary research analyze is that conducted in L2 classrooms, in simulations of language classrooms, or in semi-instructional, tutoring interactions between teachers or L2 speakers and language learners.Many theories, hypotheses and approaches were formed and used in these research. But there was a memo in the start of the chapter, it says that the fact that this book is reviewing research on t he preceding issues does not guarantee that the research will provide unambiguous answers to them. Its because the research that was done in this book has not yet been proven to be accurate.The purpose of this book has been to attempt to elucidate the critical issues and findings of research in and about second language classrooms. While the studies reviewed here clearly are not always as rigorous or convincing as we would like, the by ten years of classroom-oriented research is impressive in the breadth and depth of study of a variety of issues, when virtually every study was groundbreaking in one respect or another- methodology, research questions, population studied, analytical techniques applied.At the same time, second language instruction has been gaining importance, as more people end-to-end the world find the need to acquire one or more second languages. There is diversification in the specific purposes of language instruction, an increase in language schools and programs, and an expansion in training programs for second language teachers, researchers, and program developers. For these reasons alone, second language classroom research has an important role to play.ReflectionI think this book is quite the catch. Especially if you are an English major like me. This book helped me to understand a bit more the importance of second language acquisition. I already know from my ESL/EFL class that learning a second language is important, but this book made me realize that acquiring a second language will be very advantageous for me.Because if I learn my second language perfectly, I know that I will be more confident in myself. And that I can be globally competitive. This book does not only talk about second language acquisition, it also talks about classroom-oriented research. In the classroom-oriented research they tackled the nature of the teacher and the behavior of the students.They wanted to know what are the factors that affect the L2 leaner in acquiri ng language and how can they overcome these if they were to be problems, and how can they improve it if it were a solutions. In this book there were also hypotheses theories, and approaches that were formed and used.The setting that was used is the classroom, and that the main subjects are the teachers and the learners. This book is a big help in understanding second language acquisition. Although some words are a bit hard to understand , I will still recommend this book to anyone who is interested in learning and acquiring a second language. And also to my fellow majors, because I know this book will be a big help in our studies.

Does Democracy Ensure Freedom Essay

Does democracy insure granting immunity? I believe democracy can ensure scantydom, but not always, thus my answer is maybe. For democracy is a form of government that rely on a system of law in which individuals be treated equ in ally while having fair access to the legislative process through electing official who leave alone act in their constituents interest and voice their concern. Through proper protection with legislation, individuals emancipation can be ensured. Yet the nature of democracy favour absolute majority thus it is possible for politician to cater to the mass to secure vote and have access to the seats of power.Democracy is unable to act if the votes are tied, such(prenominal) flaw can leads to politician abuse their power tilting the result either way to further his own goal. If elected official no longer voice the population yet game the system by continue to season the majority, minority remunerate and freedom can not be ensured. Government ultimately o bjective is to govern the people for the betterment of people, thus democracy reflects the ask for it is form of government allowing peoples voice being heard through the elected officials. Each voters vote count and the majority trumps.Elected official then go on legislate laws that regulation that resolves the populations concern. Such fair access to the legislative process and par before law ensure the population to be protected, the law are made by them and for them, protecting their freedom and rights. But democracy also copy majorities rule. It is possible for 49% of population to lose out simply because of the 2% difference. Yet if rights are cemented fully protected via charters, even minorities can escape such tyranny. Unfortunately, elected officials can not always complete reflect the desire of the entire population.They are at scoop up incomplete projection if not provide to special interest or simply the mass for the system favours the majorities, and once tied vote occurs. The decision will lie solely on those in power. For few individuals to be able make decision that influence a nation, such power can be attractive if not lucrative, for there is occasion and it is not hard to imagine such corruption taking place. Once a politician is no longer serveing the voter but himself, without proper specify and balance for the government to self correct such mistake.It is to picture minorities right and freedom being sacrificed for the corrupted official to stay in power. The key all hinges on the soundness of said countrys legal system, if a government official have the power to alter laws, taking away rights and freedom as he pleases. The freedom can not be ensured. Yet, with a proper procedural fair legislative system, the inbuilt checks and balance will resign said corrupted official overstepping his position. The electoral system will kick in which official will be replaced if they do not deliver what is judge off them.With a solid charter o f rights, even minoritys innate rights and freedom can be protected against majorities for the inalienable rights protect individually of us and allow us to maintain the dignity we all possess. Freedom is the concept that verges upon the condition in which individual live their life accord to their free will. For they make their own choices without facing disabling condition nor the pressure of simply fulfilling the basic necessities of life. We choose how we present ourselves to the world and how we communicate our idea and thoughts.We decide on how to live our life, from our goal to our means of achieving said goals. Yet these seemly innate right are in fact fragile and vulnerable. The nature of government travel to rules and regulation with our daily life. Our freedom is merely conditional, for we can yet exercise our right and freedom to a certain extent. As matter of fact, our right and freedom can be taken away by the same law that protect our rights and freedom. But that i s the truth of reality, freedom without bound is impossible. The physicality of reality chit-chat restriction, scarcity of recourse and mortality of men.Civilization dictates rules from punishment of crimes to shame and guilt through morality. Thus government, a form of rule, can not truly ensure freedom for its conditional and with limits. Men has long realize such limitation, yet we still yearns for such notion for we are driven by our free will and we seek create such system for we are protected from not just each others but ourselves own infringement of rights and freedom. Democracy is still our best attempt at this unrealistic dream, the approach is simple, for a system of law made by people for people. We strive to effectively govern ourselves and keep our right and freedom.It is understandable to treat the question does democracy ensures freedom ? in an bifurcate manner. It is easy to state the fact that democracy is simply mob rules thus twain wolves can vote having the s heep for dinner against the one lone sheeps objection. Yet it seems silly to categorize a whole countrys population into a predator/prey relationship, not to mention having a sound legal system in which inalienable rights of human beings are guaranteed can indeed proceed the two wolves ganging up on the sheep, minorities can still be sufficiently protected by law if the charter of rights allows.Further more, freedom can only be secure via proper system of law that protect human right and freedom, types of government should not be the deciding matter for ensuring freedom. As the supra paragraphs have shown, democracy either ensure nor deny freedom, while there is no true freedom under any form of government for by definition of government, restriction and restraints are naturely imposed upon individuals. I still consider limited conditional freedom preferable to none for my inalienable right are protected even against the tyranny of majorities for this rights are inalienable.While d emocracy can allow favour toward the majorities and official in position of power, with proper checks and power naturalized within the government, such issue can be self corrected. But without the legal safenet, minorities can easily been swapped up by politicians schedule and sacrificed to the tyranny of majorities. As a partying thought, if no form of government can achieve true freedom, what is the future of democracy with our society?

Colorism in the African American Society

Racism has been a very prominent issue most commonly between menacing and white people. Although it is the most acknowledged it is not the only example of race unlikeness. Race discrimination occurs among other ethnicities and backgrounds of people. Sometimes race discrimination can transpire because of peoples point of views on certain things, much(prenominal) as religion, discolor, age, or til now gender. In the stories, The Wife of His Youth and Desirees bollocks racism and some other forms of discrimination are present, but surprisingly it isnt one race opposing another.It is black on black racism, or more specific totallyy colorism this is discrimination based on scrape color (Nittle 1). Wife of His Youth, a absolutely story by Charles Chesnutt addresses the tussles of race as a perch skinned and dark African American subsequently to the American civil war, through the grammatical cases Mr. Ryder and liza Jane. While equally black the visible light skin (Mr. Ryder) h ad a social advantage during segregation eras. Kate Chopins story Desirees Baby has a comparable theme in despite of its conniption it took place previous to the civil war.It concerns Desiree and her husband Armand who give birth to a darker skinned youngster. Their fear that lodge would discard them leads the story to a tragic ending. Although, Charles Chesnutts story was written by and by the civil war and Kate Chopins was written prior to the civil war, both stories show that discrimination still existed categorically at heart African American ethnic groups. A gross amount of Charles Chesnutt works exemplifies the hardships he endured in the south as a light African American more specifically Wife of His Youth, which is a short story that took place after the civil war.Chesnutt satirically reveals not only the difficulties faced by racially blended individuals but also their intense prejudices against more darkly shaded African Americans. Chesnutt himself was a product of mi xed marriage as well indeed he was identified as an African American however he often referred to himself as white American too (Rossetti 1). Mr. Ryder who was the main character in the short story, The Wife of His Youth by Charles Chesnutt, had a similar biography as Chesnutt. Mr. Ryder was well respected by his society called the Blue Veins.According to Fleischmann, Their existence, as minor society of colour in persons whose purpose it was to establish and maintain correct social standard among a people whose social condition presented almost unlimited inhabit for improvement ( Chesnutt 463). This Blue Veins society was a society within the larger society. The larger society also kn hold as the white powered society had no place for African Americans. There was no room for middle ground where African American and Caucasians could prosper.The Blue Veins society was created so that lighter skinned, colored people whose skin appeared so white that their veins showed like Mr. Ryde r, could deal significant membership in this white society. (Chesnutt 1)They did not want to be categorized with the darker African American groups. In the short story, No one was eligible for membership who was not white enough to show Blue Veins (Chesnutt 1). With this short story Chesnutt demonstrates that color matters within the race. The Blue Veins society does not emphasize culture of the race but how light their skin color appears.People like Liza Jane, the married woman of Mr. Ryder would not be qualified for membership in his society because she was exceptionally black and her social rank in society was a former as a plantation worker. As the readers proceeds towards the end, some may detest Mr. Ryder true emotions. The reader may realize that although Mr. Ryder initially attempt to abscond from his black ancestry through the Blue Veins society he is conflicted with this guilt. Liza Jane suddenly shows up at Mr. Ryders house with determination to dress her husband (orig inally named Same Taylor but now known as Mr. Ryder). Unaware that she is indeed talking to Mr. Ryder she starts telling him her story, and how she has been scouring around town for her husband. Eventually, Mr. Ryder confesses that he is Liza Janes long lost husband however it was not until he gained recognition from the Blue Veins Society. In the short story it says My friends, what would the man do? I will approximate that he was one who loved honor, and tried to deal justly with all men. I will even carry the case further, and suppose that perhaps he had set his heart upon another, whom he had hoped to call his own.What would he do, or rather what ought he to do, in such a crisis of a lifetime? It seemed to me that he might hesitate, and I imagined that I was an old friend, a near friend, and that he had come to me for advice and I argued the case with him. I tried to discuss it impartially. after(prenominal) we had looked upon the matter from every point of view, I said to h im, in words that we all know This above all to thine own self be true, And it moldiness follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. Then, finally, I put the question to him, Shall you acknowledge her? (Chesnutt 796) The Blue Veins society is so fixated on looks that, Mr. Ryder is almost afraid to acknowledge his wife without the approval from their society. He knew that this society discriminated against darker complexion African Americans so he was unsure on whether or not they would admit Liza Jane. Charles Chesnutt demonstrates that racism within race exists and that color does matters. However, the challenge is for the person to understand their racial history and to mature from these understandings.Another character that has been overpowered by his racial history is Armand Aubigny from the short story, Desirees Baby, written by Kate Chopin. Of all her works Kate Chopin is perhaps best known for Desirees Baby. It is the most Anthologized of all her s hort stories (Cruz 430). Chopin tells the story rough Desiree an adopted child whose parents heritage was unknown. When she became a woman, her beauty attracted the attention of Armand Aubigny, a neighboring plantation owner. These devil characters later get married and bear a son. As time goes by the child starts to appear more black than white.When Desiree confronts situation about the childs complexion Armand holds her accountable because of her unknown parentage not knowing that he too has some responsibility in the nestlings complexion. Desirees Baby, takes place in the south prior to the Civil fight. In fact, it is one of the few short stories written by Kate Chopin that is set before the Civil War (Kate Chopin Desirees Baby 1) Around this era, many mixed blood children like Armand and Desiree leaned towards their white heritage to avoid difficulties that the dark African American had to experience such as lynching, beating, theft, sexual humiliation, slavery, and so onAr mand Aubigny, one of the characters in this short story was forced by this era to suppress his ancient and keep his African American ancestry hidden. He knew being from a darker descent it would bring complications and unfair treatment for him in the white society. Two ways he concealed his past and his ancestry was after discovering that the babys darker complexion he threw Desiree and the baby out of his home. In the short story Desiree says to him Shall I go Armand? and he replied back, Yes go (Chopin 3).He also confiscated all the things that reminded him of his African American ancestry, and burnt them leaving no evidence of him ever being black. One of the items burnt was a garner from his mom to his father saying that, she belongs to the race that is cursed with the brand of slavery (Chopin 4). The reader is uncertain on whether Armand was successful with keeping his secret however such secrets are painful to hold. Oslyn Reso Foy states in one of her articles that Armand m oved out of the conventions that deport governed his life and Chopin strips him of the veils that have hidden his real self (223).Armand learns that it is important to embrace your own ethnicity instead of trying to affiliate with another. A different illustration of discrimination within the race in Desirees Baby is the behavior towards of the babys complexion. In the beginning of the story, Madame Valmonde had arrived for a visit at Desirees Home. She was shaken by the baby and hesitated to believe that it was theirs. This is not the baby Madame Valmonde exclaimed, in startled olfactory property (Chopin 2). By the way she responded to the babys appearance validates her concern the outcome of the babys appearance.This leaves the audience with a matter of uncertainty on whether the baby would have gotten the same treatment if it was a lighter complexion. Armand actions too changed when he realizes the baby is dark skin. In the article, Semiotic Subversion in Desirees Baby announc es that before he turned against his wife and baby, Armand was the proudest fatherMarriage and later the birth of his son had softened Armand Aubigny imperious and exacting nature greatly ( denude 226). Armand wanted a son however he preferred a white skinned baby instead of a dark skinned baby. non knowing Desirees unknown heritage backfired on him and left him with a son whose complexion was darker than both of theirs instead of lighter. In today society racism, segregation, discrimination, etc. is generally publically terminated and against the law we see ample amount of mixed couples especially in the media, who seem to disregard race or even skin color. However this doesnt mean that colorism is nonexistent. This type of prejudice happens but it is so taboo that it is kept hidden from the society. A lot African Americans have to take on the hardships of being segregated from within their own thnic group. Ever since days of slavery prior to the civil war, many people felt that l ight skin color is better and more favorable than darker skin color. Time after time white Americans view of authority and the violation of dark skin color have made the African American to dismiss and categorize one another. For example in the media now, we see less and less of the darker complexion actresses. In an article, called What They Dont Want You to Know, it says In Hollywood, Black male characters are play by black actors while black female characters are played by actresses that are more often than no mixed (2).Although society has not made massive news headline on this specific topic, it does not mean it is not dually noticed as an issue. For instance in todays society, you are not considered as beautiful if dont have the same characteristics as the white people. The men in the short stories, My Wife of His Youth and Desirees Baby were attracted some of these females characters because they favored white women. As reference work before, Armand and Mr. Ryder wanted to e scape their African American ancestry and all the tribulations that came with it.In order to forget their past they needed a woman that could give them a white skinned baby. Someone that can lower the chances of their child being dark skinned. In Desirees Baby, Desiree had long silky brown hair that hung about her shoulders, her eyes were grey and her skin was whiter than her husband, Armand (Chopin 3). All these characteristics which Armand considered to be beauty resembled of a white woman. In the story The Wife of His Youth, before Liza Janes arrival, Mr. Ryder was piss to propose to Mrs. Dixon.In the story Molly Dixon possessed many attractive qualities. she was whiter than he (Chesnutt 790). In retrospect, Charles Chesnutt and Kate Chopin works provide developing ideas of discrimination between races during and after the civil war. This theme is exemplified through their short stories particularly in The Wife of His Youth and Desirees Baby. In conclusion whether or not you ar e of easily a lighter skinned complexion or a darker skinned complexion, individuals in the African American community should not be treated otherwise by society due to this aspect.

Lifestyle of a Stripper Essay

Strippers, prostitutes and porn stars atomic number 18 the forgotten women of Ameri later on part society. Men adore them for their sexual prowess. Women despise them for their blatant sexuality. Prejudiced against as a result of their career choices, these women are truly out(p)casts. Exotic bounce in the united States is often considered an immoral activity. Women in the exotic dancing homo are the subjects of scorn and ridicule all across the country. However, some women are able to take this situation and turn it to their advantage. By creating an illusion or ideate in the three main areas of the club (the stage, the floor, and back room) many dancers feel that they are able to elevate themselves to a position of power over the friend. This perceived power not only allows the dancer to have control over the situation, but also allows the dancer to make money and possibly other substantial gains. In this paper, I will attempt to extract parepers lifestyle and there occup ation as they live the life of a stripper.Some strippers love life to strip (exotic dancing in nude) because they enjoy the environment and the lust that follows it. A dancer in San Francisco feels different about exotic dancing. She thinks of it as an art, and she feels that she can create her suffer performance when shes on stage as she can choreograph her moves and her likes. I love the dancing I love the art of it. I love to be on stage performing, and I love to create new stuff to perform. There are some basic things you have to do, she explains, like be totally naked by the end of the dance, do something with the pole at some point, and make sure that youve touched yourself, but other than that, anything goes. She explains how she can good act or perform on stage.College students actually chose stripping as a side job. Employed at a strip joint can give them some extra cash. Like many students at universities across the country money can be a problem. School, rent, phone an d water bills bestow up and this does not even include spending money. Because of the pressure from mounting bills and money needs, students decide to look for a job as a stripper. As a full time student any job that can fit his or hers schedule would be perfect. Strippers have very flexible hours. A job where he or she could toy three or four times a week, for about twenty hours total, would be great. Pay is another agentive role in the decision process.Likethis article where a student explains her first night as a stripper. The hardest part for me at first was not the dancing itself onstage, but actually talking to the patrons in the club. At the end of my shift The student explains, I left the club with a little over volt hundred dollars, I only ricked for five hours. After that I was hooked on dancing. There were also more than benefits than just the money, comments the student. The hours were flexible and I could work just three or four nights a week. This fit in well sin ce the student needed the extra time to get class work accomplished. In the city of Las Vegas, were the professional strippers get paid two hundred thousand dollars a year.Due to the negative connotations associated with exotic dancing in the United States, one may begin to ask how these ideas affect the minds and therefore daily lives of the women involved in the world of exotic dancing. Some negative draw backs of suitable a stripper are the introduction to drugs an so forth.Because exotic dancing has a negative reputation in the United States, one wonders what affect the wrinkle has on the personal lives of the dancers. Being an exotic dancer can ruin ones relationship. A college student had been in what she termed a fairly serious relationship in front she started dancing. When she began to dance she made no effort to hide this from her significant other. In fact she told her boyfriend about the job before she started working. At first things went on as usual. Eventually, how ever, things began to deteriorate. She worked most weekend nights because they paid the best money. Her boyfriend who worked a day job was at work during the time she had off. Lack of time spend together eventually began to strain the relationship. She and her boyfriend had a hard time getting things back together.She says that after some talking that they were able to mend things. She says that after the initial problems things were okay. Ultimately, though the relationship ended while she was dancing. By no means that this says that the dancing alone caused the end of the relationship, it only attempts to show that for she, had some phase of affect. This may also be true of other dancers around the country. She said that outside of the club they never act the way they do inside. She says that she obviouslymeets more men in the club, but that is because she wants to make money. If she does not initiate the conversation ( fantasise) she makes no money.The reaction of her family wa s another matter altogether. After a month or so she informed her mother about her dancing, and they only told her after she had quit. Her mother was understandably upset. According to her, her mother cried. Her mother apparently had trouble getting her spike around why her daughter would want to be a stripper. She then explained that she did it because the money was good and that she had paid of school loans and credit card dept. She explained that she only did it for a while and that that part of their life is over with. Even though the family doesnt accept the behavior of there daughter, she understands why her daughter dances.The fast paced lifestyle is easy to get lost in. Money, sex, and attention all play into the pull that catches many women. Many strippers felt that this lifestyle attracted many young women especially those just out of high school. Easy money, sex and attention are too much for many young women. Young women get drawn in and become addicted. booby implant s and other surgery was often the end result of this addiction. Many of these women end up staying in this line of work as long as they are able to make money. The student I read about, danced for one reason, MONEY. They needed it for school and bills, as soon as they were able to pay these they moved on. rescript often times portrays the business of exotic dancing as an occupation that is undesirable and immoral. Some women however, are able to find a place in this business that not only provides material gain and stability, but also empowers them. By creating a fantasy onstage and then altering it for each patron on the floor and in the back room, the dancer in affect draws the customer into a fantasy she has tailored just for their enjoyment. This situation specific fantasy is where the power lies for the dancer.

War Is Unpredictable

To an extent contend is unpredictable, however the meaningless punishment and debase conduct is something that soldiers experience invariablely throughout contend. In Owens poem Anthem for Doomed Youth he diminishes the patriotism and heroism that is commonly associated with state of struggle and replaces it with depictions of the harsh punishment and perfidious death of youth in war. Correspondingly in his poem Dulce et Decorum Est he extends the theme of unpatriotic behaviour and turn over death and suggests that war is also a devilish and sinful practice, where nothing but death and hatred arise.Contrastingly, in Stanley Kubricks war film to the full Metal Jacket he does not look at death in war, but conversely the internal punishment that superior officers give to soldiers, harshly exploring the training and punishment soldiers receive before war. Ultimately, these three texts explore the lack of honour and worthless punishment that soldiers experience constantly in war, depicting war as a place of hatred and sin. In Owens poem Anthem he removes the common Romantic concepts of doughnut and triumph that were associated with war from the previous(predicate) 20th century and realistically explores the truly unpatriotic nature of the battlefield.His ideals contrasted the Romantic ideals of glory as well as the government and the media who exhibited war as heroic and fitting for the youth of the early 20th century. Instantly, Owens title of the poem contradicts the readers belief in the common war values where he pairs the terms Anthem and Doomed Youth juxtaposing with a gloomy and depressing description of the youth in war. Owen then compares the youth who died as cattle to an slaughterhouse by using metaphor, emphasising the sheer amount of death that occurs on the battlefield, also suggesting that the youth are indiscriminately dying with no justification.Likewise, Owen uses juxtaposition to describe the sounds of war, in which he subverts the ca lming sound of choirs and depicts them as demented, illuminating the sound of screaming comrades in war and enhancing his anti-heroic view. Thus, Owen through his poem Anthem dishonours the common concepts of glory and triumph, and replaces them with mockeries of the dying youth in war, ultimately suggesting war unheroic and the soldiers deaths unglorified. On the contrary, Stanley Kubricks war film FMJ explores the internal and meaningless punishment that soldiers experience whilst training to perplex a soldier, aggressively depicting the raining as harsh and suicidal. Directed in 1979, Steven Kubricks position on war was neither affirmative nor prejudicious and simply stated he was concerned with the way things are, thus forcefully depicting the disciplinary discrepancies of the Ameri domiciliates in Vietnam. The opening montage of the camera focussed on the soldiers heads being shaved depicts the blank expressionless faces of the soldiers and shows the identity loss of the sold iers in war, illustrating their inconsequential individuality.Kubrick uses harsh and explicit dialogue to filtrate how even though war is fair everyone participating is equally worthless, again punishing the soldiers for their racial background and individuality. Likewise, in the final scene of the precedent sequence before the war, Kubrick displays the suicidal aspect of the meaningless punishment, where Private Pile explains that even though there is war going on in Vietnam, he is in a world of shit after the punishment from the senior officers. This harsh portrayal of pre-war training explains Kubricks view that internally war can be as detrimental as it is on the battlefield.Correspondingly, Owen aims to eradicate all romantic feelings in Dulce et Decorum Est and instead represent war as a sinful and devilish practice. The ironic titling of the poem initially subverts any sense of patriotism and glory associated with war, and condemns the romanticised portrayals of war that th e government and the media have created. By deliberately subverting the heroic Latin phrase through the bleak ideas in his poem, Owen depicts the title as an old lie where he suggests that glorification and bravery in war is undermined by the fallacies of the government and the media.In addition, his use of metaphor in the first stanza exemplifies the mechanised and fatigued state of the soldiers in war, where the soldiers marched asleep from the endless punishment and futility of war. Owen indicates here exactly how lame the soldiers were with the pain and suffering of war, illuminating the punishment and empty nationalism he attempts to portray. Furthermore, the graphic vision of the sinfulness and devilish nature of war utilize in the third stanza highlights the devilish and sinful representation, by comparing a comrade to a devil sick of sin.Owen here evaluates war as a whole, as a place where even the devil can no longer handle the horrid pain and meaningless suffering. This powerful imagery removes the Romantic ideals of patriotism substituting them with a morbid depiction of choking with sin. Thus, Owen eradicates the glory and valour that had been associated with war literature in the 20th Century and indicts war as a fallacy to children who are desperate for honour. Ultimately, Owen aims to challenge all feelings of glory and heroism that are commonly associated with war and shift these concepts to a past fallacy where sinful and devilish behaviour arises.Alternately, Kubrick strives to explore both the harsh and unforgiving nature of the battlefield and the meaningless punishment experienced internally in the U. S Marine Corps, where even the pre-war training results in the suicide of a soldier. Each text explains the horror and meaningless punishment as a constant and predictable outcome, as wells as the horrifying and sinful behaviour that soldiers experience, however Owens poem Dulce et Decorum Est more effectively depicts the unpredictability of war by emphasising how disgusting war is, promoting it as foreign to any kind of valour and partisanship.

Benefits/Oppressions of Culturally Diverse Populations Essay

The history and theories of counseling and psychology have both benefited and oppressed culturally diverse populations. It is common knowledge that the founding fathers of counseling were all white males of the socioeconomic status of middle to upper class. Therefore, the majority of theories are rooted in research and evidence that assists this particular group. However, as the world becomes more and more diverse, the one size fits all counseling theories no longer service the necessitate of the clients. Therapists must be cognoscente of the populations he or she services and the techniques best suited to fit these needs.As action & Sue state, If deviations from the majority are considered ab customary, then many another(prenominal) ethnic and racial minorities that exhibit strong cultural differences from the majority have to be so classified. (p. 93). For example take IQ tests, achievement tests, and personality inventories. What is considered normal within one culture may be c onsidered abnormal within another. It has been a long held belief that black males feel as though The patch is out to get them (Sue & Sue, 2013). It has been through various personality assessments that African Americans have been found to be suspicious, mistrustful, and paranoid (Sue & Sue, 2013).However, what was not considered throughout these findings was that African Americans have been discriminated against throughout time and therefore have reason to behave in such ways (Sue & Sue, 2013). In fact, in Grier and Cobbs book Black Rage (as cited in Sue & Sue, 2013), it was noted that African Americans had to use a variety of survival techniques in order to survive the racial society in which they lived. In essence what was sensed as abnormal behavior that of suspicion and mistrust, turned into the survival skills needed to protect this particular group from potential harm.The counseling relationship is an ever-revolving process. There is no one set of standards and techniques t hat can be applied to each and every group. Throughout the years therapists have come to the realization that additional strategies need to be imposed and that not all situations can be viewed and evaluated with the same lens. The clinician must be introspective of his or her own particular world views and adjust his or her practice to meet the needs of the diverse populations he or she serves.

Human History of the Grand Teton Essay

Human history of the shocking Teton region dates back at least 11,000 years, when the offshoot nomadic hunter-gatherer Paleo-Indians would migrate into the region during warmer months in pursuit of food and supplies. In the previous(predicate) 19th-century, the first-class honours degree Caucasian explorers encountered the eastern Shoshone natives. Between 1810 and 1840, the region attracted skin trading companies that vied for control of the lucrative beaver fur trade. U.S. Government expeditions to the region commenced in the mid 19th-century as an offshoot of exploration in Yellowstone, and the first everlasting white settlers in capital of Mississippi Hole arrived in the 1880s.Efforts to preserve the region as a content park commenced in the late 19th-century and in 1929, Grand Teton field Park was established, protecting the major peaks of the Teton Range. The valley of Jackson Hole remained in private ownership until the 1930s, when conservationists led by John D. Rock efeller, Jr. began acquire land in Jackson Hole to be added to the existing national park. Against public opinion and with restate congressional efforts to repeal the measures, much of Jackson Hole was set aside for protection as Jackson Hole National Monument in 1943. The monument was abolished in 1950 and most of the monument land was added to Grand Teton National ParkGrand Teton National Park is named for Grand Teton, the tallest mountain in the Teton Range. The naming of the mountains is attributed to early 19th-century French speaking trappersles trois tetons (the three teats) was later anglicized and shortened to Tetons. At 13,775 feet (4,199 m), Grand Teton abruptly rises more than 7,000 feet (2,100 m) higher(prenominal) up Jackson Hole, almost 850 feet (260 m) higher than Mount Owen, the second highest summit in the range. The park has numerous lakes, including 15-mile (24 km) massive Jackson Lake as well as streams of varying length and the upper main stem of the serpe nt River. Though in a state of recession, a dozen small glaciers persist at the higher elevations near the highest peaks in the range. Some of the rocks in the park are the oldest found in any U.S. National Park and have been dated at nearly 2.7 billion years.

Unique Examples of National Pride

Unique Examples of National Pride In the first story I read Cathleen Ni Houlihan (which was actually an amazing story ) I matte up that before the gray cleaning woman came the family was kind of selfish and greedy (with the whole money thing) and when the rare charwoman came they changed and they became instantly unselfish and non greedy they wanted to help her out.And later in the story the OLD WOMAN changed everyones prospective at life including Michael who is getting married to Delia and whence he in all forgot that he was getting married to her just because the OLD WOMAN changed his way of looking at things including his marriage. And the OLD WOMAN told them how many people live ond just for her and to get her lands back(Irish). And she had much Pride into getting her lands back and competitiveness the Irish for taking it. The second story I read is Address to General William Henry Harrison The main guy in the story, Shawnee had very much respect for his country.He s aid he would do anything for his country And he argued with his brother about being better then what he was acting selling the country and then Shawnee said Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Did not the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children? The Red People wanted to take oer theyre country and Shawnees brother seemed like he wanted to sell the country because he didnt want to fight for his country. Then Shawnee brought up Jesus dying on The Cross for us.Then he told his brother Everything I have told you is the truth. The Great Spirit has inspired me. How the two are the same or compared They some(prenominal) had pride and sacrifice for the things they stood up for. They loved there country so much they would die for it. And in the two stories I found that they are very much alike because the. OLD WOMAN and Shawnee are a like they both fought for what the believed in and for there country. They both wanted freedom and they both inspired another person to fight in the war beside them.

M&A in India in Past Few Years Essay

AbstractThe process of conjugations and acquisitions has gained substantial importance in todays corporate world. This process is extensively used for restructuring the business organizations. In India, the concept of mergers and acquisitions was initiated by the government bodies. Some nearly known financial organizations also took the necessary initiatives to restructure the corporate sector of India by adopting the mergers and acquisitions policies. The Indian frugal re diversity since 1991 has opened up a whole lot of challenges both in the domestic and supranational spheres. The increased competition in the global foodstuff has prompted the Indian companies to go for mergers and acquisitions as an important strategical choice. The trends of mergers and acquisitions in India have changed over the years. The immediate effects of the mergers and acquisitions have also been diverse across the sundry(a) sectors of the Indian economy.Till recent past, the incidence of Indian e ntrepreneurs acquiring foreign enterprises was not so common. The side has undergone a sea change in the last mates of years. Acquisition of foreign companies by the Indian businesses has been the latest trend in the Indian corporate sector. The Indian IT and ITES sectors have already proved their electromotive force in the global market. The other Indian sectors ar also succeeding(a) the same trend. The increased elaborateness of the Indian companies in the global corporate sector has further facilitated the merger and acquisition activities in India.The various factors that played their parts in facilitating the mergers and acquisitions in India be favorable government policies, buoyancy in economy, superfluous liquidity in the corporate sector, and dynamic attitudes of the Indian entrepreneurs atomic number 18 the key factors behind the changing trends of mergers and acquisitions in India. as yet though mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have been an important element of corporate strategy all over the musket ball for several decades, research on M&As has not been able to provide conclusive severalise on whether they enhance efficiency or destroy wealth. There is thus an ongoing global statement on the effects of M&As on firms. This article seeks to explore the trends and progress in M&As India.Electronic copy operable at http//ssrn.com/abstract=1618272MERGER & ACQUISITION IN INDIA AN analytical STUDYThe phrase mergers and acquisitions (abbreviated M&A) refers to the aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance and counsel chain reactoring with the buying, sell and combining of different companies that can aid, finance, or help a growing federation in a inclined application grow rapidly without having to create another business entity. In business or economics a merger is a conspiracy of ii companies into one larger caller-out. Such actions are commonly voluntary and involve stock shift or cash payment to the target. Stock swap is o ften used as it al lows the shareholders of the two companies to share the risk involved in the deal. A merger can resemble a takeover but result in a new company name (often combining the names of the original companies) and in new branding in some cases, terming the combination a merger rather than an acquisition is done purely for political or marketing reasons.Mergers whitethorn be broadly classified in (i) Horizontal mergers A situation when two or much merging companies manufacture similar product in the same manufacturing. (ii) Vertical mergers A situation when two or more merging companies work at different stages of manufacture of a same product. (iii) heap up mergers A situation when two or more merging companies operate in different industries. The word of honor acquisition, also known as a takeover or a buyout, is the buying of one company (the target) by another. An acquisition may be friendly or hostile. In the former case, the companies work in negotiations in th e latter case, the takeover target is unwilling to be bought or the targets board has no prior knowledge of the offer.Acquisition usually refers to a purchase of a smaller firm by a larger one. Sometimes, however, a smaller firm will acquire management control of a larger or longer established company and keep its name for the combine entity. This is known as a reverse takeover. Another type of acquisition is reverse merger, a deal that enables a private company to get publicly listed in a short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly listed shell company, usually one with no business and limited assets.Electronic copy available at http//ssrn.com/abstract=1618272Reasons for Merger and Acquisition Operating synergies The uniting of two firms improve productivity or cut tolls so that the unlevered cash flows of the combined firm exceed the combined unlevered cash flows of the someone firm A vertical merger betwixt a supplier and a customer, eliminates various coordination and bargain problems A horizontal merger between competitors, produces a less competitive product market and cost savings from combining R&D facilities and sales forces Financial synergies Information and incentive problems may origin cashstarved firms to pass up positive NPV projects, but cash-rich firms to overinvest in negative NPV projects Conglomerates can use internal upper-case letter markets to transfer funds from negative NPV projects to positive NPV projects Enhance the flexibility of the organization Reduces bankruptcy riskObjectives In this article an attempt has been made (i) To examine the presence of trends and progress of M&As in Indian corporation. (ii) To analyze year-wise and industry-wise variance in material body and amount of M&A deals. Hypotheses To cover the above objectives following hypotheses have been formulated 1. There is no significant difference in number and amount of M&A deals in between years and between industries. 2. There is no significant difference between M&A progress in manufacturing and service sector persistence-wise Trends of M&AsThe industry-wise trends in number and amount of M&A deals between 2000 and 2007 are presented in the Table 1 and Table 2 and the industry-wise trends and progress of M&As have been analysed on this basisFood and Beverages India is the worlds plunk for largest producer of food next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. The Indian food market is estimated at over US$ 182 billion, and accounts for about(predicate) two thirds of the total Indian retail market. According to industry experts, the market for carbonated drinks in India is worth US$ 1.5 billion while the juice and juice-based drinks market accounts for US$ 0.25 billion. Growing at a rate of 25 per cent, the fruitdrinks category is one of the fastest growing in the beverages market. The Indian food processing industry plays a significant role in diversifaction of agriculture products, generates employment, enhances income of farmers and creates a surplus for export of agro-foods. The important reason of the M&A activity initiated in this industry are deregulation, restructuring disinvestment, restructuring by parent companies and presence of foreign players.Textiles Industry Until the economic liberalization of Indian economy, the India Textile Industry was predominantly unorganized industry. The opening up of Indian economy post 1990s led to a stupendous growth of this industry. India Textile Industry is one of the largest textile industries in the world. Today, Indian economy is generally dependent on textile manufacturing and exports. India earns around 27% of the foreign exchange from exports of textiles. Further, India Textile Industry contributes about 14% of the total industrial takings of India.Furthermore, its contribution to the gross domestic prod uct of India is around 3% only. Textile Industry involves around 35 million workers directly and it accounts for 21% of the total employment generated in the economy. However the important reasons for the M&As in these sectors are growth of power looms and handlooms sector at the cost of mill sector which has ultimately resulted in making them sick and unviable. This has led to an increase in the closure of mills in addition, continued and persistent use of old plant and machinery has led to low profitability in the mill sector and thereby forcing some of mills to closedowns.Chemicals, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Under this category companies direct in the industrial groups of chemicals, drugs, pharmaceutical, cosmetics petrochemicals and rubbers have been taken into account for analyzing the trend and progress. The drug & pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the countrys demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, cap sules, orals and injectibles. There are about 250 large Pharmaceuticals manufacturers and suppliers and about 8000 Small Scale Pharmaceutical & Drug Units which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 Central Public Sector Units). These bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals manufacturers produce the complete figure of pharmaceutical formulations i.e. medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs i.e. chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical formulations.Owing to a significant increase in Pharmaceuticals exports, Indias USD 3.1 billion pharmaceutical industries are growing at the rate of 14 percent per year. It is one of the largest and most advanced among the developing countries. Even the number of pharmaceuticals exporters, manufacturers and suppliers is increasing tremendously, the factors that contributed to increase in M&A activity in these sectors are conception of the process Patent Act in 1970, which required Indian companies to recognize international process patents. This has given an opportunity for the Indian companies to grow. This growth is associated with M&As and the emergence of WTO has brought about fundamental changes in the pharmaceutical industry. Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) of WTO require all Indian companies to comply with international patents. This has mainly happened in the form of M&As.Nonmetallic Mineral Products In this sector, cement and ceramics manufacturers are the primary players. The factors responsible for M&As are before 1999 cement industry faced many problems like liquidity crisis, inadequate ingestion on infrastructure and costs of inputs. South-east Asian crisis brought narrowed profitability resulting to the bigger players withstanding the pressure of reduce profitability and smaller and marginal players closing down or merging with big players and trying to calculate favorable for a takeover. National Quadrilateral Road Project and State Government Policies to construct the irrigation projects could be other factors responsible for this boom.Basic Metal, Alloy and Steel This is one of the oldest and traditional industry sectors in India. Companies operate in metals, alloy, steel and related concerns are grouped under this head. The factors contributing to M&As in this sector are Slowdown of the economy during the year 1996-97, the capital markets, remaining discourage for the past couple of years, drying up sources of investment funds for industry, small and medium corporate finding it difficult to access institutional funds and export growth subjected to competitive pressure from imports.Information Technology and Telecom Companies operating in the IT, Software, telecom and convergence sector are clubbed in industry, the central government has formed an independent discussion section of information technology. Since the removal of restrictions on foreign capital investment an d industrial de-licensing, Indias Telecom industry has shown large growth The Important factors for increasing M&As in this sector are unvarying efforts were made by the department of telecom and its constituent organizations for upgrading and expanding the telecom networks and services and the Initiation of internet and weave based developments and introduction of cell phone in India.Automobiles and Automobile Ancillaries Companies operating in automobile sector, locomotives, please and spares have been included under this head. The Indian transport industry has been gradually playing a catalytic role for producing a wide variety of vehicles, passenger cars. Important factors responsible for an increase in M&As in this sector are Globilalization is pushing global auto majors to consolidate, to upgrade technology, augment product range, access new markets and to cut costs.Competitive pressure and presence of global players have resulted in a number of M&As in this sector.Energy, Power, Gas and Oil Companies operating in the country of energy, power, gas and oil are included in this group. Important factors responsible for an increase in M&As in this sector are, low rate of growth in power generation depressed the growth rate of industrial production and has necessitated immediate attention of big companies like Reliance Industries and payable to unavailability of power and frequent disruptions have given an impetus to M&As in this sector..

Psychology and Psychiatrist Sigmund Freud Essay

The study of personality is one of the biggest topics of occupy within psychology. There are many personality theories that exist making the most major ones deterioration right into at least one of our quadruple major locatings. These perspectives on personality attempt to calculate the different patterns in personality, including how the patterns form and how people differ on individual levels. In my essay I will go into more(prenominal) in depth detail about these major perspectives and afterwards explain to you how unsealed or unchangeable I think my personality is.To start off, there are four different perspectives. The first is Psychoanalytic Perspective. This perspective emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind. This particular perspective was created by psychiatrist Sigmund Freud who strongly believed that things that are hidden in the unconscious could be revealed in numerous different ways. However the Neo-Freudian theorists only agreed in the importance of the unconscious, but disagreed with other aspects of Freuds theories. The minute of arc perspective is called The Humanistic Perspective. This focuses on psychological growth, free will, and my favorite, personal awareness. This perspective is my favorite because it takes a more positive outlook on human nature and is centered on how each person ignore achieve their individual potential.The third perspective is called The Trait Perspective. This one is centered on identifying, describing, and measuring original traits that make up a humans personality. By knowing and understanding this, researchers have coif to believe that they can now better comprehend the differences between individuals. The last perspective is The Social cognitive Perspective. This one emphasizes the major importance of observational learning, self-efficiency, situational influences and cognitive processes.Now as far as explaining how changeable or unchangeable I think my own personality is, my personality really depends on who you are, what twenty-four hours it is, what went on that day, and in a lot of cases what kind of mood Im in.

Social Media and Freedom of Speech

Survey This survey is designed to authenticate for the designation of an industrial psychologist. It depart just take 3-5 minutes. You are free to leave it at any time. Name ________________________ sexual practice * Male * Female Age ______ Education * Under Graduate * Post Graduate * Graduate Q1. What is your efficacy? _________________________________________________ Q2. Do you think youre well qualified? * Yes * No Q3. What made you want to pursue a career in Industrial Psychology? ______________________________________________________________________________Q4. What are your goals and future plans as an Industrial Psychologist? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Q5. How do you guess people by their history appearance or some other things? _____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ______________________________________ PROBLEM SOLVING Q6. What greens workers anxieties are you aware of? Unrealistic or excessive worry * Sleep Disturbance * Jitteriness * deteriorate * Other (Please Specify in the provided area below). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Q7. What will you do if such a situation occurs? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Q8.If a worker or an employee asks help regarding anything will you help them as well as keep things reclusive? ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Q9. If a worker is stressed out or have any mental problem how will you treat him? ____________________________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ COMMON SITUATIONS Q10.Will you hang out with a famous football player or a fundraiser? * Football player * Fundraiser Q11. Will you hang out with 10 years old boy or a solider? * 10 years old boy * Solider Q12. Will you hang out with a doorknocker or an Moslem member of the UK Muslim Organization? * Rapper and songwriter. * Islamic member of the British Islamic community. Q13. Will you hang out with a world class bowler or a somebody with physical defect? * World class bowler * Person with physical defect in gird FOR FURTHER INFORMATION YOU MAY CONTACT RESEARCHER

Global Warming and the Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Warming and the Climate Change - Essay Example sympathetic activities confirm led to exacerbated changes in climate than natural forces. The contribution of natural forces to climate change rest insignificant in comparison to human activities. The cause and effect factor of global thawing poses life-sustaining social, economic and environmental needs that have to be accounted for at all costs. The central point in this pursuit is industrialization process, which seems to take advanced and sophisticated positions every single day. Therefore, human activities have been and calm down are the driving force back end global warming (Maslin, 2007).Greenhouse effects are in the beginning held accountable for the persistent global warming. Greenhouse gases are said to play a major usage in the ever-rising global atmospheric temperatures. The extent to which these gases cause global warming varies across global warming debates. For instance, the persistent rise in global tempera tures is attributed to the depletion of the ozone layer. On the same note, there are arguments that what the globe is experiencing is a mere natural cycle of climate change (Handmer & Dovers, 2010). This means that the role played by nursery gases in the global context is limited, and thus climate change is a course of nature.Carbon dioxide has been named as the primary greenhouse gas that enormously contributed to the presently experienced persistent global warming. Scientists have differed in this debate, arguing for and against the link between ascorbic acid dioxide and global warming. Regions that have considerably low emission levels have been at least as worse off as the rest of the world, supporting the bid for debaters against linking carbon dioxide to global warming. This has further been advanced to the trade of emissions, although the world remains divided on the rationale behind the practice.

In the light of this comment, consider the legal and political Essay

In the light of this comment, consider the legal and political relationship between the EU and NATO - hear ExampleThis may outdate the need for NATO as an alliance, rather a straight-forward agreement between North the States and the EU as a whole. Therefore the first section allow illustrate and examine the security measures riddles and how they cause problems for the EU to fight nonionised offense and terrorism, asking whether NATO is outdated. The second section will because deal with how the EU combats terrorism amd organized crime and considers whether it will ever be successful. Finally, this section will consider the problems that terrorism pose to the EUs and whether its relationship with NATO is an integral part to security and intelligence considerations in this land and its importance of success. This joint NATO and EU effort was seen as a highly successful strategy in the fight against the Taliban by the freezing of Afghani bank accounts, also illegal workers have been stopped by the EU Directive governing the ability to work, i.e. the need to show appropriate ID to show entitlement to work deep down the EU.2The EU has seen increased problems with organized crime which comes from the opening of borders and promoting a union of states. This problem has intensified since the magnification of the EU because a lot of the post-communist tribes have had over 10 years to promote organized crime. In addition there is the added problems that the events of September 11th 2001 and have caused in respectfulness to Islamic organized crime groups funding terrorist attacks. Therefore organized crime is no longer a domestic crime problem for the EU in respect to financial and service trafficking but is threatening the military security of the EU and the individual nations within. Therefore it is important that this section dealing with security focuses on the problems of enlargement, especially in respect to the Eastern European ascending nations and Cyp rus which may cause instability in respect to Islamic terrorist and organized crime groups. This means that a secured security force and relations with NATO may be important in the ara of intelligence and terrorist threats.3 Enlargement of the EUEnlargement of the EU is a mixed blessing, because on iodine hand it is helping to achieve a status of stability and cohesiveness throughout the division. On the different hand, there are concerns that in making the Union larger will in fact de-stabilize the region making it harder for the EU to ensure security and this increase the difficulties for the EU to fight crime, especially organized crime.4 This is cod to prejudice of certain groups which would have free access in the region, one such group are the Roma Gypsy migrants from Slovakia. In the past few months the newspapers have displayed the concerns of the British public and politicians about these migrants when the nation joins the EU. Therefore this introduces the question whe ther the EU really respects the integrity of cultural difference Other problems accommodate the possible de-stabilizing of the economy by incorporating smaller,

Essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

2 - Essay ExampleSaid traces most of his perceptive from the colonial era at a time when America had not become the worlds superpower. At this time, the British had colonies in the East and the French was also on the verge of establishing dynasties in the same location. The musical composition identifies, interprets and analyzes some of the prop one and only(a)nts of the Said for use as a lens in the analysis of a native schoolbook.Said pinpoints some assumptions made by the West about the Orient. He assumes that the West perceives Arabs as dishonest, menacing, anti-western and irrational. The text reveals that the thoughts presented in it are in opposition to how he considers the West to think of themselves (5). Therefore, he outlines his broadly communicate image of the people of Arabic nature as they feature in the minds of the Western people. Specifically, he acknowledges that the Arabs inhabit in the western minds as others. According to them, anyone who is not one of them belongs to the category of others. The author addresses his issues using assumptions that one whitethorn risk considering to be truthful (7). If one takes such a positive stance, his ideologies and relations with the Arabs may be jeopardized. Hence, while considering Saids arguments one should be cautious to avoid bias.The call for a new perception and treatment of the Orient that permits the independent representation of authors who belong to the Orient as foreign to the reliance on the second-hand representation is valuable. In respect to the profound dependence on other personalities for ideas, it is epoch- do to notice the widespread use of the word orient on almost half of the world. The mentioning of a great part of the world as orient expands the bracket of disparity and intensifies the divide on ideology and identity. However, making such broad generalization is unwarranted in the modern day as nations such as Egypt and the Chinese that have achieved a significant level of